Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect [RENTAL EDITION]

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Brief Contents
Contents
Chapter 1 The Maltreatment of Children Then and Now
	Early Views of Children
		Issues of Life and Death
		Issues of Dependence
		Issues of Discipline
		Issues of Sexual Exploitation
	Concern Over Child Labor Brings Efforts Toward Change
		The Settlement House Movement
		Efforts for African American Children
		The Plight of Native American Children
	Recent History of Helping Abused and Neglected Children
		The Case That Changed History
		Impact of the White House Conferences
		Influence of the Social Security Act
		Advances in the 1940s–1960s
	The 60s and 70s: Further Efforts on Behalf of Children
		Professional Awareness and Response to the Movement to Protect Children and Families
	Emerging Influences on Child Protection
		Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
		Child Maltreatment Through the Lens of Trauma
	The Role of Child Protection Services
		Child Protection Emerging
		Child Rearing, Maltreatment, and Public Opinion
		Child Protection Today
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 2 The Family: Roles, Responsibilities, and Rights
	The Definition and Function of the Family
		The Twenty-First Century Family
	The Family as a System
		Subsystems and Boundaries
		Roles
		Communication
		Bonding and Attachment
		Rituals
	Cultural Family Systems
		African American Families
		Hispanic American Families
		Asian and Pacific Islander Families
		Native American Families
		Arab American and Middle Eastern Families
	Additional Types of Family Systems
		Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
		Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Families
		Military Families
		The Challenges of Developing Cultural Awareness
	Family Problems and Dysfunction
	The Family and Child Maltreatment
		Parents’ Rights
		Children’s Rights
		Impact on the Child Protection Movement
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 3 Trauma and the Developing Child
	Understanding Trauma
		How Trauma Impacts the Brain
		Degrees and Types of Trauma
	Influences on Development
		Early Brain Development
		Attachment and the Impact of Trauma
		The Impact of Parenting
	Development Through the Stages
		Pregnancy and Birth
		Birth to 1 Year
		1 to 4 Years
		4 to 8 Years
		8 to 12 Years
		Adolescence
	Resilience and the Adaptable Brain
		Developing Resilience
		The Adaptable Brain and Maltreatment
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 4 The Neglect of Children
	The Neglect of the Concept of Neglect
	Definition and Impact of Neglect
	The Measurement of Neglect
	Risk Factors for Neglect
		Environmental Factors
		Ecological Factors
		Parenting Factors
	Problems in Intervention
	Neglected Children
		Symptoms and Effects of Neglect
	Neglectful Parents
		Early Efforts to Explain the Behavior of Neglectful Parents
		Parents Who Neglect Children
		Substance-Abusing Families
		Domestic Violence and Neglect
		Plight of the Parent and the Social Worker
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 5 The Physical Abuse of Children
	Defining Physical Child Abuse
	Causes of Physical Abuse
		Interactional Variables
		Environmental/Life Stress Variables
		Social/Cultural/Economic Variables
	Risk Assessment and Physical Abuse
		Child Risk and Protective Factors
		Parental Risk and Protective Factors
		Family System Risk and Protective Factors
	Symptoms of Physical Abuse
		Physical Symptoms
		Behavioral Indicators of Abuse
	Parents Who Abuse
		Parents’ Unlearned Tasks from Childhood
		Fictitious Disorder
		Abusive Parents and Adolescents
		The Impact of War on Family Violence
		Assessing Parents Who Physically Abuse Children
	Intimate Partner Violence and Other Abuse Within the Family
		Interpartner Family Violence
		Abuse by Siblings
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 6 The Sexual Abuse of Children
	The Emergence of Child Sexual Abuse
		Child Protection Movement and the Feminist Movement
	Definition of Child Sexual Abuse
	Types of Sexual Abuse
		Intrafamilial Abuse
		Extrafamilial Abuse
	Progression of Sexual Abuse
		Engagement Phase
		Sexual Interaction and Secrecy Phases
		Disclosure Phase
		Suppression Phase
	Incidence of Sexual Abuse
		Early Studies of Child Sex Abuse
		Recent Reports
		Influence of Reporting on Statistics
		False Allegations Movement
	Child Sexual Abuse as Trauma
		Degree of Trauma
	Profile of the Abused Child
		Children at Risk
		Female Victims
		Male Victims
	Profile of the Perpetrator
		Multifactor Theories
		Single-Factor Theories
		Process Models
	Which People Become Perpetrators?
		Female Abusers
		Juvenile Sexual Offenders
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 7 Intrafamilial Abuse
	The Incest Taboo
		Reasons for Taboo
		Legal and Social Prohibition
	Intrafamilial Abuse as a Problem Today
	Societal Contributions to Incest
	Father–Daughter Incest
		Family Patterns
		Profiles of the Family
	Father–Son Incest
		Family Dynamics
		Effects of Father–Son Incest
	Mother–Daughter Incest
		Family Dynamics
		Effects of Mother–Daughter Incest
	Mother–Son Incest
		Family Dynamics
		Effects of Mother–Son Incest
	Brother–Sister Incest
		Family Dynamics
		Effects of Brother–Sister Incest
	Same-Sex Sibling Incest
	Incest with Uncles, Grandfathers, and Cousins
	Why Incest Stops
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 8 Extrafamilial Sexual Abuse, Misuse, and Exploitation
	Dynamics and Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Outside of the Family
		Pedophilia
		Pederasty
	Sexual Abuse by Clergy
		Motivation of Perpetrators
		Crisis in the Catholic Church
		Impact on Victims
		Addressing Clerical Perpetrators
	Sexual Abuse in Day Care Settings
		Types of Day Care Abuse
		Reactions and Resulting Changes
	Child Sex Trafficking, Child Pornography, and the Internet
		Child Pornography
		Child Sex Trafficking
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 9 Psychological Maltreatment of Children
	Psychological Maltreatment Defined
	The Roots of Psychological Maltreatment
	Characteristics of the Psychologically Maltreated Child
	Psychological Abuse and the Developing Brain
	Family Dynamics in Psychological Abuse
		Difficulty in Detecting and Treating Psychological Abuse
	Ritualistic Abuse
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 10 Intervention: Reporting, Investigation, and Assessment
	Culturally Sensitive Intervention
		Cultural Competence Defined
		Putting Cultural Competence into Practice
		Using Translators
	Understanding the Intervention Process
		Reporting
		Child Protection Teams
		Investigation and Assessment
		Family Reactions
		Home Visiting
	Assessing Risk and Protective Factors
		Children
		Caregivers
		Perpetrators
		Incidence and Environment
	Exploring Causes and Services
	Handling Emergencies
	Interviewing for Assessment
		Interviewing Adults
		Interviewing Children
		Custody of the Children
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 11 Collaborative Intervention and Case Management
	A Collaborative Approach
		Child Advocacy Centers
	Other Professionals Involved in the Intervention Process
		The Medical Team
		The Legal Team
		The Educational Team
		The Mental Health Team
		Clergy and Church Staff
		The Community
		Toward a Total Team Approach
	Case Management and Planning
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 12 The Legal Response to Child Abuse and Neglect
	Legal Intervention
	The Legal Rights of Parents and Children
	Types of Court Intervention
		Juvenile Court
		Criminal Court
		The Impact of Court on Children
	Sex Offender Registration
	The Media and the Court
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 13 Case Management and Treatment of Physical Abuse and Neglect
	Case Management
	From Case Management to Treatment
	Providing Treatment
		Client Resistance
		Client Response
		Eligibility Criteria
		Limited Community Resources
		Who Provides Treatment?
		Duration of Treatment
	Treatment of Neglectful Families
		In-Home Family-Centered Services
		Shared Family Care
	Treatment of Physically Abusive Families
		Treatment of the Abused Child
		Treatment of the Parents
		Treatment of the Siblings
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 14 Treatment of Sexual Abuse
	Issues Surrounding Treatment
	Assumptions About the Treatment of the Sexually Abusive Family
	Treatment Models
		Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program
	Considerations in Treatment
		Issues Addressed in Family Treatment
		Phases of Intervention and Treatment in Sexually Abusive Families
	Treatment of Specific Family Members
		The Child and Adolescent
		The Mother or Non-abusing Parent
		The Perpetrator
		Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
		Is Treatment Effective?
		Preservation of Incestuous Families
		Parents of Children Abused Outside the Home
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 15 Foster Care for Abused and Neglected Children
	Alternatives to Foster Care
	Rationale for Foster Care
		The Emergence of Formalized Kinship Care
		Kinship Foster Care Today
	A Look at Foster Care Today
	Therapeutic Potential in Foster Care
	The Role and Importance of the Birth Parents
	The Role of Foster Parents
	Problems with Foster Care
	Other Placement for Abused or Neglected Children
		Residential Treatment
		Adoptive Placement
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 16 Adults Abused as Children
	Society’s Misconceptions
	Reasons for Adults’ Disclosure
		Relationships
		Pressures of Adulthood
		Loss, Depression, or Trauma
	Residual Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect
	Effects from the Neglecting Family
		Trust
		Anger
		Relational Imbalances
		Low Self-Esteem
		Impaired Social Skills
		Substance Abuse and Criminality
		Physical Problems
	Effects from the Physically Abusing Family
		Trust
		Anger
		Relational Imbalances
		Low Self-Esteem
		Coping Skills
		Physical Implications
	Long-Term Effects of Domestic Violence
	Effects From a Sexually Abusing Family
		Betrayal
		Traumatic Sexualization
		Stigmatization and Self-Esteem
		Powerlessness
		Anger
		Relational Imbalances
		Multiple Victimization
	Effects From Extrafamilial Abuse
	A Word About Resiliency
	Treatment of Adults Who Were Abused as Children
		Repressed Memories
		Individual Therapy
		Group Therapy
		Self-Help Groups
		Writers’ Groups
		Legal Actions
	Therapists’ Responses to Working with Survivors
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Chapter 17 Working in Child Protection and Prevention
	A Day in the Life of Today’s Protective Worker
	Skills and Qualifications Needed for Child Protection
		Knowledge
		Authority and Sanction
		Ethics
		Professionalism
		Ethnic Competence
		Personal Traits
		Effectively Juggling Tasks and Responsibilities
		Dealing with Frustrations and Pressures
	Facing the Challenges of Working in Child Protection
		Working in a Bureaucracy
		Impact on Social Workers
		The Importance of Training and Supervision
		The Importance of Self-Care in Child Protective Services
	An Eye Toward Prevention
		The Goals of Prevention Efforts
	Prevention Efforts in Schools
		Life Skills Training
		Preparation for Parenthood
		Self-Protection Training
		Educational Services for the Community
		Help for At-Risk Families
	Prevention Efforts with Families
		Evaluating Home Visitation Programs
		Parent/Child Screening and Prevention
		Culturally Sensitive Prevention
	Effective Prevention
		Working Toward a Better Tomorrow
		Rethinking Child Protection
		Creating a Unified Response
		Looking Within, Between, and Beyond Agencies
	Beyond Child Protection: The Need for Societal Changes
		Reversing the Trend Toward Socially Impoverished Families
		Supporting Parenting
		Realigning Societal Values
	What Does the Future Hold?
	Research Needs
	Summary
	Applying the Concepts of This Chapter
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
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	K
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	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
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	W